Mu bijanye n’ugupima ubuvuzi bwo muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bipima amaraso ni ibikoresho bihambaye vyo gupima indwara. Bishobora gutahura ningoga kandi ata gufyina ibimenyetso vyinshi biri mu maraso, bigatuma abaganga bashobora gufashwa n’amakuru y’ingenzi. Gutahura ingene ibikoresho bipima amaraso bikoreshwa bizofasha ibigo vy’ubuvuzi n’ama laboratwari gukoresha neza ivyo bikoresho no gutuma umuntu ashobora gupima neza indwara.
Ivyo gupima amaraso bikoreshwa n’ibikoresho bipima amaraso akenshi bigabanywamwo intambwe zine nyamukuru: gutora ivyerekanwa, gutunganya ivyerekanwa, gusuzuma ivyerekanwa, n’ugutanga ibisubizo. Mbere na mbere, gutoragura ivyerekanwa ni co kintu nyamukuru gifasha mu gupima. Abaganga bazokoresha utuyo two gukura amaraso mu buryo bw’ubusa kugira ngo bakure amaraso akwiye mu mitsi y’umurwayi kugira ngo bamenye neza ko iyo nkuru idahumanye kandi ko ihuye n’ibisabwa vyo gupima. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri vyakoranijwe bikwiye kubikwa neza kugira ngo ntibibe bimeze nk’amaraso canke ngo bimeze nk’amaraso, kugira ngo ntibigire ico bikoze ku bisubizo vy’ibipimo bizokurikira.
Igikurikira ni intambwe yo gutunganya ivyerekanwa. Imbere y’uko amaraso yinjira mu gikoresho co gupima, yoshobora gukenerwa guterwa imbere y’igihe, nk’ugutera amaraso canke gutandukanya amaraso mu buryo bw’inzira y’amaraso. Ivyuma bimwe bimwe vyo gupima amaraso vy’agaciro kanini birafise ubushobozi bwo gufata amaraso yose, bishobora kwakira amaraso yose ataco bimaze no gutandukanya utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amaraso n’amaraso biciye mu buryo bwo mu mutima kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa yo gukoresha amaboko.
Gutahura no gusuzuma ni vyo bihuza abantu. Abahinga mu gupima amaraso bakoresha ubuhinga bw’amaso, ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi canke ubuhinga bwa flow cytometry kugira ngo bapime utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utugingo ngengabuzima twera, utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amaraso, hemoglobine n’ibindi bimenyetso biri mu bipimo. Nk’akarorero, utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amaraso turaharurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’umuyagankuba, canke urugero rwa hemoglobine rukamenyekana hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ibara. Ivyo bikoresho vyo gupima amaraso vyo muri iki gihe na vyo nyene birafise ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu vyinshi, bishobora kurangiza gusesangura ibimenyetso amajana n’amajana mu gihe gito, bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora gutahura neza cane.
Ubwa nyuma, ivyo bivamwo birasohoka hanyuma bikasubirwamwo. Ico kigeragezo kimaze kurangira, igikoresho co gupima amaraso kizoca gitanga raporo y’ubuhinga bwa none irimwo agaciro n’ibipimo vy’ikimenyetso kimwekimwe cose. Abahinga bo muri laboratwari barakeneye gusubiramwo ivyo bavuyemwo kugira ngo barabe ko amakuru ari ukuri. Iyo habonetse agaciro kadasanzwe, gusubira-isuzuma canke ubundi buryo bwo kumenya bishobora gukenerwa kugira ngo bimenyekane.
Ugukora kw’ibikoresho vy’ugupima amaraso vy’ubuhinga bwa none be n’uguteza imbere mu buryo bw’ubwenge vyatumye bigira uruhara runini cane mu gupima amaraso. Kuva ku gutora ivyerekanwa gushika ku vyo umuntu atanga, ubushobozi n’ukuri kw’ivyo vyose birafitaniye isano n’uburyo bwo gupima indwara. Kubera ko ubuhinga buzobandanya gutera imbere, umuvuduko wo kumenya ibintu be n’ukuri kw’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupima amaraso bizorushiriza gutera imbere, ivyo bikaba bizotuma habaho ugushigikira gukomeye kw’ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi kw’isi yose.